UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation Scheme: A Comprehensive Guide
27 March, 2024
In 2024, the UK’s immigration landscape is evolving rapidly, with significant changes such as new minimum salary requirements for Skilled Workers set to take effect in April and the continued shift towards digitalisation and eVisas.
One of the most notable developments is the introduction of the UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) scheme. This new requirement is designed for non-visa nationals transiting through the UK, visitors staying up to six months, or those on the Creative Worker visa concession for up to three months.
Following its successful pilot phase in late 2023 and early 2024 for Gulf nationals, Jordanian nationals and visitors from the United Arab Emirates, the UK Government is now expanding the ETA scheme to accommodate millions of business and tourist visitors annually.
The ETA serves as a pre-travel clearance, allowing individuals to board transportation to the UK. However, it’s crucial to note that the ETA does not grant entry into the UK or provide permission to live or work there. Instead, it is a digital travel authorisation akin to the US Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) for those visiting the United States.
The ETA scheme will be compulsory for all non-visa international visitors to the UK, except Irish nationals, who enjoy free movement under the Common Travel Agreement.
Modelled on the US ESTA, the ETA is electronically linked to the traveller’s passport and costs £10. It remains valid for multiple journeys within two years or until the passport expires, whichever comes first.
This article aims to clarify the UK Electronic Travel Authorisation scheme, address common queries, and provide essential insights into the UK ETA application process.
Exploring the Origins of the UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA)
The UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) scheme was officially announced in March 2023 by the then Immigration Minister, Robert Jenrick. He emphasised that the ETAs would bolster border security by enhancing the UK’s knowledge of individuals seeking entry and preventing the arrival of those posing a threat. The scheme is also designed to streamline the travel process for legitimate visitors.
The UK government defines the ETA as “a new requirement for people who do not need a visa to come to the UK.” It is mandatory even for passengers transiting “airside” at major hubs like Heathrow for a few hours between international flights.
Initially, the requirement was implemented for citizens of Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. However, it is set to extend to visitors from across the globe, including the EU, US, Canada, and Australia, who do not currently need a visa for short visits or transits through the UK for business or tourism purposes.
The concept of electronic travel authorisation is not unique to the UK. Many travellers are familiar with the ESTA scheme in the United States. Similarly, countries like Canada and New Zealand have established similar international schemes.
The European Union also plans to launch its electronic travel authorization system, ETIAS. Initially scheduled for 2024, the launch has been postponed to 2025 due to delays in the new digital Entry/Exit System, which ETIAS will rely on for its operation.
Understanding the UK ETA Requirements
As the UK introduces its Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) scheme, it’s essential to know who must apply for an ETA before travelling to the United Kingdom, encompassing England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
Who Needs a UK ETA?
1. Qatari Citizens: From November 15, 2023, Qatari nationals must apply for an ETA.
2. Citizens of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries: Starting February 22, 2024, nationals of the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Jordan are required to obtain an ETA. For all these countries except Jordan, the ETA replaces the existing Electronic Visa Waivers (EVW) system, which previously exempted citizens from needing a visit visa.
3. Visa-Exempt Nationalities: By the end of 2024, travellers from all visa-exempt nationalities, including European Union citizens, will need an ETA for visiting or transiting through the UK.
4. Creative Workers: Those coming to the UK for three months or less under the Creative Worker Visa concession must also apply for an ETA.
Exemptions from the ETA Requirement:
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British or Irish Passport Holders: British and Irish citizens do not require an ETA.
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Residents of Ireland: Individuals who do not need a visa to enter the UK are arriving from Ireland, Guernsey, Jersey, or the Isle of Man.
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Visa Applicants: Those required to apply for a visa to enter the UK are exempt from the ETA requirement.
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Holders of Alternative Permissions: Individuals with a visa or other permission to enter the UK, such as status under the EU Settlement Scheme or various residency permits for work or study, do not need an ETA.
To ensure a smooth journey to the UK, travellers must check their eligibility and apply for an ETA if necessary.
How to Obtain a UK ETA in 2024
As the UK implements its Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) scheme, visa-exempt travellers need to understand how to obtain an ETA before their journey to the UK. This requirement extends to all age groups, including children and infants, who must each have travel authorisation.
UK ETA Requirements
To successfully apply for a UK ETA, applicants must meet the following requirements:
1. Valid Passport: A passport that proves the applicant’s identity and nationality is required. The nationality should be from an eligible country for the UK ETA. A passport with at least two years of remaining validity is recommended to ensure the longest possible validity for the ETA, as the ETA will expire when the passport does.
2. Bank Card: A valid credit or debit card is needed to pay the UK ETA fees online. Alternative payment methods, such as e-wallets, may also be available.
3. Email Address: Applicants must provide a valid email address during the application process. The UK Home Office uses this to communicate the decision on the application, whether it’s approval or refusal.
4. Digital Photo: During the application, a recent passport-size photo of the applicant must be uploaded or captured using the device’s camera. The valid photo should meet standard passport photo specifications and be clear.
By ensuring these requirements are met, applicants can streamline their UK ETA application process and prepare to travel to the UK.
UK ETA Application Steps
Applying for a UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) is straightforward. Here’s a step-by-step guide to ensure a smooth application:
1. Fill out the Application Form: Download the official UK ETA app on your mobile device or access the online application platform. Complete the application form online, providing personal details and passport information and answering questions about your intended trip and previous travel history. This helps the UK government gather information on travellers to prevent the entry of potentially dangerous individuals, such as criminals.
2. Submit a Recent Personal Photo: Provide a recent, clear, colour photo that meets passport-sized photo specifications. The photo should be unedited, with dimensions of at least 600 x 750 pixels and a file size between 50KB and 10MB. Ensure the background is light-coloured, and maintain a neutral facial expression with both eyes open.
3. Pay the Application Fee: Pay the application fee online during the application process using a valid bank card. Enter your bank card details to complete the payment, including the card number, expiry date, cardholder name, and CVV code.
4. Receive the Decision: If the UK Home Office determines that you meet the qualifying requirements and there are no reasons for rejection (such as previous immigration violations, criminal records, or providing false information), you will be approved for the ETA. You will receive a confirmation email at the email address provided during the application process. A decision is usually made within three days. Once approved, the ETA can be used for multiple trips to the UK if it remains valid.
Beware of Unofficial Sites: Commercial sites not affiliated with the UK government may charge additional service fees. Always use the official UK government website or app to apply for your UK ETA to avoid unnecessary costs.
UK ETA Processing Time
Once you have submitted your UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) application, the typical processing time is around 3 working days. Many applicants may receive their decisions even sooner than this. However, it’s important to note that processing might take longer in some instances if the UK authorities determine that additional checks and verification are necessary. To ensure a smooth and timely process, it’s advisable to apply well before your intended travel date.
UK ETA Fees
One essential requirement for applying for the UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) is paying the application fee. The fee is set at £10 per applicant, regardless of age or nationality. This standardized fee ensures consistency for all applicants.
The primary method of payment accepted for the UK ETA application is through bank cards, including major providers such as Mastercard and Visa. It’s important to ensure that your bank card is valid and has sufficient funds to cover the fee during the application process.
ETA Verification at the UK Border
When you arrive at the UK border with a valid Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA), the process for verification will vary depending on your mode of travel:
1. Airlines and Ferry Companies: For most travellers, the responsibility to verify the ETA status lies with the airlines and ferry companies before the passenger boards a flight or ship bound for the UK. This is to ensure that all passengers have the necessary authorization to travel.
2. Juxtaposed Controls: For certain routes, such as ferries from France to Dover, Eurostar trains to London, and Eurotunnel shuttles to Folkestone, there are “juxtaposed controls.” This means that UK Border Force staff will check the ETA before departure while the traveller is still in Continental Europe.
3. UK Border Force Checks: Upon arrival in the UK, the Border Force will check the ETA and may ask supplementary questions to determine whether or not to allow the traveller entry. It’s important to note that having an ETA does not guarantee entry into the UK; it is a travel prerequisite but not a guarantee of admission.
4. Travel from the Republic of Ireland to Northern Ireland: Non-Irish and British travellers moving from the Republic of Ireland to Northern Ireland are not subject to checks but are still expected to possess a valid ETA. This requirement ensures that all travellers have the necessary authorization, even if checks are not routinely conducted on this route.
By understanding these procedures, travellers can ensure they are prepared for the checks carried out as part of the UK’s border security measures.
Duration of Stay and Validity of the UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA)
The UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) is designed to facilitate multiple short-term visits to the United Kingdom. Its validity period is up to two years or until the passport used for the application expires, whichever is sooner. This flexibility allows travellers to plan multiple trips to the UK without the need to reapply for each visit.
Permitted Stays with the UK ETA:
1. Tourism, Business, Visiting Family and Friends, or Short-term Study: Holders of the UK ETA can stay in the UK for up to 6 months for activities such as sightseeing, attending business meetings, visiting relatives, or engaging in short-term educational courses.
2. Creative Work Purposes: For specific categories of talents, such as artists, musicians, or film production crews, the UK ETA allows stays of up to 3 months. This is subject to the conditions of the Creative Worker visa and is intended for those participating in short-term creative projects or events.
3. Transit Purposes: Travelers who must enter British territories en route to another destination can use the UK ETA for transit purposes, ensuring smooth passage through the UK.
Limitations of the UK ETA:
It’s important to note that the UK ETA is not intended for long-term work or study purposes. Individuals planning to visit the UK for extended periods of work or study should seek the appropriate visa that aligns with their travel purpose and duration of stay.
By understanding the duration of stay and validity of the UK ETA, travellers can ensure they comply with UK immigration rules and make the most of their short-term visits to the country.
Grounds for Refusal of a UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) Application
When applying for a UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA), it’s crucial to be aware of the circumstances under which an application may be refused. The UK Immigration Rules outline several grounds for refusal, which include:
1. Exclusion or Deportation Grounds: If the Home Secretary has directed that the applicant be excluded from the UK, if the applicant is the subject of an exclusion order, or if the applicant is the subject of a deportation order or a decision to make a deportation order.
2. Criminality Grounds: If the applicant has been convicted of a criminal offence for which they received a custodial sentence of 12 months or more, or if 12 months have not passed since the date of conviction, this applies to convictions in the UK and other countries.
3. Non-conducive Grounds: If the applicant’s presence in the UK is not conducive to the public good due to their conduct, character, associations, or other reasons (including convictions that do not fall within the criminality grounds).
4. Previous Breach of Immigration Laws Grounds: If the applicant, being over 18, overstayed their leave, breached a condition of their leave, or used deception about an immigration application (unless entry clearance or a further grant of leave was later made with knowledge of the breach).
5. False Representations: If false representations were made, false documents or information were submitted concerning a current or previous application, regardless of its relevance or whether it was made with the applicant’s knowledge. If relevant facts were not disclosed.
6. Debt to NHS Grounds: If the applicant has failed to pay charges for NHS use by overseas visitors, those outstanding charges have a total value of at least £500.
7. Unpaid Litigation Costs Grounds: If the applicant has failed to pay litigation costs awarded to the Home Office.
Disclose all relevant information when filling out an application for Electronic Travel Authorisation or any immigration application to avoid refusal. Failure to do so may not only result in a refusal of the Electronic Travel Authorisation, but it may also negatively affect your ability to travel to the UK.
If you are unsure whether something is relevant to your UK ETA application, it is advisable to seek expert advice to ensure a smooth application process.
What to Do If Your UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) Is Refused
If your application for a UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) is refused, you may need to consider alternative routes for entering the UK, depending on the purpose of your visit. Here are some options:
1. Standard Visitor Visa: If you plan to visit the UK for tourism, business, or to see family and friends, you may need to apply for a Standard Visitor Visa.
2. Creative Worker Visa: If you’re coming to the UK for short-term creative work, such as in the arts, entertainment, or fashion industries, you might need to apply for a Creative Worker Visa.
3. Transit Visa: If you’re transiting through the UK en route to another destination, you may need to apply for a Transit Visa.
It’s important to note that the grounds for cancelling an Electronic Travel Authorisation mirror those for refusal, which include exclusion or deportation, criminality, non-conducive grounds, breach of immigration laws, false representations, NHS debt, and unpaid litigation costs.
If your UK ETA application has been refused and you wish to apply for entry to the UK under one of the above-mentioned immigration routes, it’s advisable to seek professional advice.
Centuro Global can help you understand the reasons for the refusal, advise you on the best course of action, and assist you in preparing a new application to increase your chances of success.
Key Considerations for Businesses and Employers Regarding the UK ETA Scheme
With the introduction of the UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) scheme, businesses and employers must adapt their travel planning and policies accordingly. Here are some crucial areas to focus on:
1. Communication: Employers with stakeholders outside the UK who regularly visit the country, especially those from the listed countries, should communicate the new ETA requirements effectively. This will help prevent business disruption and stress for employees caught unaware.
2. Travel Planning: Obtaining an ETA will become vital to travel planning for businesses with executives and employees accustomed to short-notice travel to the UK, including travellers from the EU or the US. Applications can be made via the ETA app or online form, with processing times ranging from several hours to three days. Travellers should allocate sufficient time to apply for their ETA before travel.
3. Support and Resources: Employers should consider the level of support and resources they will provide to employees obtaining an ETA for business trips. Although an ETA costs £10, adjustments may be needed in the company’s travel expenses policies and guidance provided to employees on the application process.
4. Tracking Multiple Permissions: As an ETA allows multiple entries to the UK and is valid for two years or until the passport expiry, it’s important to track these statuses for employees to ensure they are travel-ready. This is especially relevant as other jurisdictions, such as the US, Europe, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, have introduced or plan to introduce similar schemes.
5. Legal and Compliance Support: Businesses should seek professional advice for questions about the ETA system or assistance with UK visa applications and immigration compliance. Engaging with legal experts or immigration consultants can help navigate the complexities of the new system and ensure compliance with UK immigration regulations.
By addressing these key areas, businesses and employers can minimize disruptions and ensure a smooth travel experience for their employees under the new UK ETA scheme.
Centuro Global Insights and Analysis: Navigating the UK Electronic Travel Authorisation
The United Kingdom’s implementation of the Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) system, which commenced on October 25, 2023, marks a significant shift in the UK’s approach to border control and immigration. As of that date, Qatari citizens became the first group eligible to apply for a UK ETA, with the requirement becoming mandatory on November 15, 2023. Subsequently, on February 1, 2024, citizens of the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Jordan also became eligible to apply, with the ETA becoming a prerequisite for entry as of February 22, 2024. This new system effectively replaces the Electronic Visa Waivers (EVW) program and is set to expand to include additional visa-exempt countries globally.
The UK ETA streamlines the application process compared to traditional visas, eliminating the need for in-person visits to visa centres. The entire procedure is conducted online, and applicants can apply on behalf of fellow travellers. The travel authorizations are digitally linked to travellers’ passports, removing the necessity to present a physical copy upon arrival in the UK. However, keeping a printout of the confirmation email for personal records is advisable. It’s important to note that while the ETA allows travel to the UK, entry is not guaranteed and remains at the discretion of border officials.
Notably, students and skilled workers with visas are exempt from the ETA requirement, but non-visa passengers transiting through airports must obtain an ETA. This could cause disruptions at major transit hubs like Heathrow, where approximately 30% of passengers are in transit. Some industry experts anticipate that overseas travellers may opt for alternative hubs to avoid the added bureaucracy and cost associated with the UK ETA.
Concerns have also been raised in Northern Ireland, where eligible visitors who previously entered without formalities will now require an ETA once the scheme is extended to other nationalities.
Centuro Global will continue to monitor and provide updates on the UK ETA scheme and the upcoming ETIAS system in the EU, ensuring that businesses and travellers are well-informed about these important developments.
Stay Informed on UK Immigration
If you want to stay updated on the latest developments in UK immigration policy, we invite you to attend our upcoming Masterclass, “Get to Grips with UK Immigration Policy in 2024.” Scheduled for 4 April at 14:30, this session will provide an in-depth exploration of current trends and changes in the UK’s immigration landscape.
For registration details and to secure your spot, please click here.
Should you require further information or have case-specific questions, our expert immigration team at Centuro Global is here to assist you. Contact us today to ensure you’re well-informed and prepared for UK immigration matters.
